home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- TECHNOLOGY, Page 79Putting the Finger on SecurityBiometrics could make keys and combination locks obsoleteBy Cristina Garcia
-
-
- In the new, updated version of the TV show Mission: Impossible,
- special agent Jim Phelps no longer gets his top-secret instructions
- by merely opening an envelope and listening to a tape recorder.
- These days Phelps puts his right thumb on the special pad of a
- black box that, after reading his thumbprint, promptly pops open
- and gives a laser-disc video presentation of his next assignment.
- No one but Phelps can open the box because no one else has his
- thumbprint.
-
- Think this is only the stuff of fictional covert operatives?
- Think again, and welcome to the new world of biometric security.
- It is a world in which traditional keys and combination locks could
- eventually become obsolete. Increasingly, access to buildings,
- rooms and vaults will be controlled by computerized machines that
- can recognize personal characteristics of people seeking entrance:
- fingerprints, blood-vessel arrangements in the eye's retina, voice
- patterns, even typing rhythms. These biometric machines have
- special sensors that pick up the characteristics, convert them into
- digital code and compare them with data stored in the computer's
- memory bank. Unless the information matches up with the
- characteristics of authorized persons, entrance is denied.
-
- The main attraction of such a system is that it is virtually
- foolproof. Keys can be copied, combination locks cracked, and the
- computerized cards used to open doors in fancy hotels can be
- stolen. But no one can steal or copy a fingerprint. Another
- advantage: people who use biometric locks no longer have to worry
- about forgetting their keys.
-
- About 20 U.S. companies, mostly young and small, are
- manufacturing biometric systems. Major customers include such
- security-conscious institutions as the military, nuclear plants,
- research labs and banks. The ultimate success of biometrics,
- however, will depend on broad business and consumer acceptance.
- Proponents hope the technology will someday be standard in
- companies, stores and homes.
-
- The most common biometric security system so far is the
- fingerprint scanner. In Japan a developer is installing the devices
- in 360 luxury homes as a security selling point. A health spa in
- Denver employs a print scanner to keep track of how often its
- members use the facilities. MAPCO Inc. of Tulsa relies on a system
- from Identix, based in Sunnyvale, Calif., to ensure that only
- authorized truck drivers are allowed to transport loads of
- dangerous gases.
-
- In an unusual application, Orion Re-Entry, California's largest
- privately owned halfway house for prisoners trying to move back
- into society, uses a fingerprint scanner to monitor the comings and
- goings of its residents. Before heading off for weekend furloughs
- or checking in from work, residents press their right forefingers
- against the machine. "It's much more expedient than the body checks
- we had in prison," says a resident. For the facility's manager,
- Bari Caine, the system is an excellent way to keep track of 84
- residents and a high-turnover staff. "We can't always expect every
- staff member to know every resident's face," she says.
-
- Biometric eye scanners are in use in many high-security
- settings. One model, manufactured by EyeDentify of Beaverton, Ore.,
- works by directing a low-intensity infrared light through the pupil
- to the back of the eye. Within two seconds the retinal pattern,
- viewed by a camera, is compared with data in stored records. At
- American Airlines' underground computer center in Tulsa, a dozen
- eye scanners screen the retinal patterns of 500 employees. "People
- were afraid of it at first," says Hani Rabi, an engineering manager
- for the airline. "But now they feel very comfortable with the
- security it affords."
-
- Another biometric technique, voice verification, works by
- creating a digital picture of an individual's vocal tract. Bad
- colds or even Rich Little can not trip up the device, since it
- recognizes the physiological characteristics that produce speech,
- not sound or pronunciation. Using this device is as easy as saying
- "Open sesame." Such major corporations as Hertz and Martin Marietta
- rely on the technology to protect their computer systems, and these
- user-friendly voice analyzers could be especially attractive to
- homeowners and small businesses.
-
- One limit on the spread of biometrics has been the high price
- -- typically $3,000 or more for a security-access system. But as
- with many other electronic gadgets, the cost could come down
- rapidly. Ecco Industries of Danvers, Mass., hopes to market a $300
- voice-recognition security device for consumers next year. Within
- a few years, biometric security systems may be incorporated into
- automated-teller machines and employed at checkout counters to
- verify that a person is not using a stolen credit card. "In time,"
- predicts Joseph Freeman, head of a security market-research and
- consulting firm in Newtown, Conn., "you'll be able to touch a spot
- on your steering wheel and start your car."